Four Configurations of On-Grid Solar Inverters for Photovoltaic Power Generation

With the continuous development of solar photovoltaic power generation technology, on-grid solar inverters as core devices play a crucial role. Depending on the design requirements of various PV systems, the setup of inverters varies. This article will introduce four common on-grid solar inverter setups, helping you better understand their differences and advantages in practical applications.

Centralized on-grid solar inverters

The centralized grid-connected approach is suitable for PV power generation systems with uniform solar panel array specifications and the same installation orientation. The system typically uses a large on-grid solar inverter to achieve centralized grid-connected power generation, particularly suitable for large-scale PV power generation systems.

Its main advantages are fewer inverters, simple installation, and lower overall cost. The efficiency of large inverters is usually about 2% higher than that of distributed inverters, making them particularly effective in large-scale systems. Moreover, fewer grid connection points result in higher power quality. However, the downside is that if an inverter fails, the entire system's power generation is affected.

Master-slave on-grid solar inverters

The master-slave inverter setup is suitable for large PV power generation systems and is a variant of the centralized approach. The master-slave system shares total power among 2-3 inverters, starting one inverter under low radiation conditions and gradually adding other inverters as solar radiation increases, thus optimizing power generation efficiency.

Although the initial cost of a master-slave setup is higher, it can improve system efficiency, especially when the solar panel array outputs lower power. Through "master-slave" automatic switching, it ensures that inverters evenly distribute the workload, extending their lifespan. This approach proves to have significant economic benefits in large PV power plants.

Distributed on-grid solar inverters

The distributed grid-connected approach is suitable for scenarios where solar panel arrays have varying orientations and specifications. Each array with the same orientation and specification is connected to the grid through a single on-grid solar inverter, making it suitable for complex installation environments such as rooftops of buildings.

Its main advantage lies in its flexibility, potentially omitting junction boxes and reducing installation costs. Additionally, partition maintenance can decrease downtime, ensuring uninterrupted power generation. However, distributed systems require more inverters, leading to higher initial costs, and multiple grid connection points may affect the power quality of the grid.

In the face of complex installation environments, distributed grid-connected inverters, with their efficient and flexible characteristics, have become the ideal choice for many medium and large PV projects.

String on-grid solar inverters

String inverters connect each PV module to an independent inverter, with each module having independent Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). Even if some modules perform poorly, other modules can still generate power efficiently. This approach is suitable for scenarios with shading and varying orientations.

String inverters combine the advantages of centralized and distributed systems, avoiding the issue of wide-area power outage caused by a single inverter failure. They are suitable for small PV power generation systems in the kilowatt range. Their transformerless design has dominated small PV power stations, offering a balanced choice between flexibility and efficiency.

If you are looking for suitable photovoltaic inverter solutions, feel free to contact Anern Solar Company. We will provide you with customized services and professional support to help you achieve energy conversion effortlessly.