When choosing a hybrid off-grid solar inverter, in addition to paying attention to the output waveform and isolation type of the inverter, several technical parameters are also very important, such as system voltage, output power, peak power, conversion efficiency, switching time, etc. The selection of these parameters significantly affects the power demand of the load.
It is the voltage of the battery pack, the input voltage of the hybrid off-grid solar inverter and the output voltage of the controller are consistent. When designing and selecting, it should be noted to be consistent with the controller.
Hybrid off-grid solar inverter output power is expressed in two ways, one is the apparent power representation method, the unit is VA , this refers to theUPS mark, the actual output active power needs to be multiplied by the power factor, such as500VA of hybrid off-grid solar inverter, the power factor is 0.8, and the actual output active power is400W, which means it can power a400Wresistive load, such as lights, induction cookers, etc.; The second is the active power representation method, the unit isW, for example5000W hybrid off-grid solar inverter, the actual output active power is5000W.
In photovoltaic off-grid systems, the components, batteries, inverters, and loads constitute an electrical system. The output power of the inverter is determined by the load. Some inductive loads, such as air conditioners, water pumps, etc., have motors inside, and the starting power is 3-5 times the rated power. Therefore, hybrid off-grid solar inverters have special requirements for overload. Peak power is the overload capacity of the hybrid off-grid solar inverter.
The inverter provides starting energy to the load, part of it comes from the battery or photovoltaic modules, and the excess part is provided by the energy storage components inside the inverter—capacitors and inductors. Capacitors and inductors are energy storage components. The difference is that the capacitor stores electrical energy in the form of an electric field. The larger the capacitance, the more electrical energy is stored. The inductor stores energy in the form of a magnetic field. The higher the permeability of the core, the larger the inductance, and the more energy it can store.
The conversion efficiency of the off-grid system includes two aspects: first, the efficiency of the machine itself, hybrid off-grid solar inverters have complex circuits and require multiple stages of transformation, so the overall efficiency is slightly lower than that of grid-tied inverters, generally between80%-90%. The larger the power of the inverter, the higher the efficiency. High-frequency isolation is more efficient than low-frequency isolation, and the higher the system voltage, the higher the efficiency. Second is the efficiency of the battery's charge and discharge, which is related to the type of battery. When photovoltaic power generation and load power consumption are synchronized, photovoltaic can directly supply power to the load without going through the battery conversion.
The off-grid system has three modes for the load: photovoltaic, battery, and grid. When the battery energy is insufficient and switches to grid mode, there is a switching time. Some hybrid off-grid solar invertersuse electronic switches, and the time is within10 milliseconds, desktop computers will not shut down, and lights will not flicker. Some hybrid off-grid solar inverters use relays, and the time may exceed20 milliseconds, causing desktop computers to shut down or restart.
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